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　　标题：SocialButterflies：BornorBred？
　　source：huffingtonpost丨byCarlaMcDonald
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　　Aresocialbutterfliesbornorbred？Arepartiesamerefrivolityordotheyserveavitalhumanneed？Tofindout，weturnedtoProfessorMarkLeary，oneoftheworldsforemostsocialandpersonalitypsychologists。TheProfessorofPsychologyandNeuroscienceatDukeUniversityandheadoftheUniversitysSocialPsychologyprogram，Dr。Learyhasauthored12books，writtenmorethan200scholarlychaptersandarticlesandbeendesignatedamongthetop40socialandpersonalitypsychologistsintheworldwiththegreatestimpact。
　　Tellus，Professor，isourdesiretosocializeinnateorlearned？
　　Mostofthehumandriveforsocialcontact，acceptance，andbelongingisalmostcertainlyinnate。Throughoutevolutionaryhistory，peoplecouldsurviveonlybylivinginandbeingacceptedbysupportivesocialgroups。ApersonwhohadnodesireforsocialcontactandtriedtolivealoneontheAfricansavannaharmedonlywithasharprockwouldhavebeeneatenbypredatorsordiedfromaninjury。However，peoplewhonotonlyhungoutwiththeclanbutalsoforgedstrongrelationshipswithitsmemberssurvivedandreproducedatahigherrate。Asaresult，wearethedescendantsofthemostgregariouspeoplewhoeverlivedthosewhohadahighneedforsocialacceptanceandbelongingandworkedhardtofitin。
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　　MaeWest
　　Doesthatmeanwereallsocialbutterfliesatheart？
　　Peoplessociabilityisaffectedbybothgeneticandenvironmentalfactors。About50percentofthevariabilitythatweseeinhowextravertedorintrovertedpeopleareisduetotheirgenes。Thatleavessomeroomfortheeffectsofexperienceandlearning。Pthekidwhoseparentsaresocialbutterflieswillprobablybecomemoresocialthanthekidwhoseparentsmostlystayathome，forexample。Parentsalsodirectlyteachtheirchildrenthatsocialinteractionsandconnectionsareorarenothighlyimportant，andsomeparentsspendmoretimethanothersteachingtheirchildrenthesocialskillsneededtofeelcomfornavigatingsocialgatherings。
　　Whatroledosocialgatheringsplayincurrentsociety？
　　Inasocietysuchasourswherefriendsandfamilyoftenlivesomedistancefromeachother，mostfamiliesaresmall，peopletelecommute，andwenolongerhaveasmanycommunityorganizationsandchurchmembershipsasbeforepeoplemayrelyonnoninstrumentalpartiesandothersocialgatheringsfortheirsocialcontactsmoreoftenthantheyoncedid。
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　　RosalindRussellinAuntieMame
　　Sopartiesarentamerefrivolitythen？Areyousayingweneedthemmorethanever？
　　Socialcontactisexceptionallyimportantandsocialgatheringsarecertainlypsychologicallyimportanttopeople。Inafragmentedsociety，theyareimportantinprovidingvenuesforthedevelopmentofrelationshipsthatpeoplemayhavetroubledevelopingastheylivetheirindividuallives。Ofcourse，somegatheringshaveanexplicitorimplicitpurposetocelebrateabirthday，toraisemoneyforcharity，towelcomesomeonetotheneighborhood，andsoon，buttheyremostlyanexcusetointeract，againreflectingthepsychologicalimportanceofbeingwithotherpeople。
　　Whatroledoestechnologyplayinallthis？Isitmakingusamoreorlesssocialsociety？
　　Both。Althoughwemayinteractfacetofaceabitlessthanwedidbeforeemail，texting，andFacebook，wemayactuallyspendmoretimeinteractinginonewayoranotherthanwedid20yearsago。Itsasiftechnologyhashelpeduscompensatesomewhatforthesocialdistancesthatmodernsocietycreated。Isuspectthatmostpeoplefeelmoresociallyconnectedtofamilyandfriendsnowthantheydidbeforetheinventionofemailandtexting。Peopleneedsocialsupport，companionship，information，assistance，security，andsoon，andoftentheonlywaythatwecanattainthesethingsisbyinteractingwithotherpeople。