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　　标题：7TipstoImproveYourMemory
　　source：time丨byDrakeBaer
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　　Answerbeforeyouhaveananswer
　　Learningabilityisprobablythemostimportantskillyoucanhave。
　　TakeitfromPeterBrown，HenryRoediger，andMarkMcDaniel，authorsofMakeItStick：TheScienceOfSuccessfulLearning。
　　Weneedtokeeplearningandrememberingallourlives，theywrite。GettingaheadatworktakesmasteryofjobskillsanddifficultcolleaguesIfyou’regoodatlearning，youhaveanadvantageinlife。
　　Andtolearnsomethingistobeabletorememberit，saytheauthors，twoofwhomarepsychologyprofessorsatWashingtonUniversityinSt。Louis。
　　Unfortunately，lotsofthetechniquesforlearningthatwepickupinschooldon’thelpwithlongtermrecalllikecrammingorhighlighting。
　　Togetoverthesebadhabits，wescouredMakeItStickforlearningtips。
　　Butbewarned：Ifit’sdifficult，it’sagoodthing。
　　Learningisdeeperandmoredurablewhenit’seffortful，theauthorswrite。Learningthat’seasyislikewritinginsand，heretodayandgonetomorrow。
　　Herearethetakeaways：
　　1。Retrieval：Bringitbackfrommemory
　　Whenyou’reattemptingtorecallanidea，method，ortechniquefrommemory，you’reretrieving。Flashcardsareagreatexample：Theyforceyoutorecallanideafrommemory，unlikeatechniquesuchashighlightingwhereyou’renotburninganythingintoyourbrain。Thereasonretrieval’ssoeffectiveisthatitstrengthenstheneuralpathwaysassociatedwithagivenconcept。
　　2。Elaboration：Connectnewideastowhatyoualreadyknow
　　Whenyoutrytoputanewideaintoyourownwords，you’reelaborating。
　　Themoreyoucanexplainaboutthewayyournewlearningrelatestopriorknowledge，theauthorswrite，thestrongeryourgraspofthenewlearningwillbe，andthemoreconnectionsyoucreatethatwillhelpyourememberitlater。
　　Forinstance，ifyou’reinphysicsclassandtryingtounderstandheattransfer，trytotietheconceptintoyourreallifeexperiences，say，byimagininghowawarmcupofcoffeedispersesheatintoyourhands。
　　3。Interleaving：Varyingyoursubjects
　　Whenyouworkonavarietyofthingsatonce，you’reinterleaving。Ifyou’retryingtounderstandasubjectfromthebasicsofeconomicstohittingapitchyou’regoingtolearnbetterifyoumixupyourexamples。Asportscase：Batterswhodobattingpracticewithamixoffastballs，changeups，andcurveballshitforahigheraverage。Theinterleavinghelpsbecausewhenyou’reoutthereinthewild，youneedtofirstdiscernwhatkindofproblemyou’refacingbeforeyoucanstarttofindasolution，likeaballcomingfromapitcher’shand。
　　4。Generation：Answerbeforeyouhaveananswer
　　Whenyoutrytogiveananswerbeforeit’sgiventoyou，you’regenerating。Bywadingintotheunknownfirstandpuzzlingthroughit，youarefarmorelikelytolearnandrememberthesolutionthanifsomebodyfirstsatdowntoteachittoyou，theauthorswrite。Inanacademicsetting，youcouldworkfindingyourownanswersbeforeclassstarts。Inaprofessionalsetting，youcouldsupplyyourownideaswhenyou’restuckbeforetalkingwithyourboss。
　　5。Reflection：Evaluatewhathappened
　　Whenyoutakeafewmomentstoreviewwhathappenedwithaprojectormeeting，you’rereflecting。Youmightaskyourselfafewquestions：Whatwentwell？Wherecanyouimprove？Whatdoesitremindyouof？HarvardBusinessSchoolresearchershavefoundreflectivewritingtobesuperpowerful。Just15minutesofwrittenreflectionattheendofthedayincreasedperformanceby23foronegroupofemployees。
　　6。Mnemonics：Usehackstorecall
　　Whenyou’reusinganacronymorimagetorecallsomething，you’reusingamnemonic。ThehalloffameincludesabbreviationsRoyG。Bivforthecolorsofthespectrum（Red，Orange，Yellow，Green，Blue，Indigo，Violet）andrhyming，likein1492，Columbussailedtheoceanblue。
　　Mnemonicsarenottoolsforlearningperse，theauthorswrite，butforcreatingmentalstructuresthatmakeiteasiertoretrievewhatyouhavelearned。
　　7。Calibration：Knowwhatyoudon’tknow
　　Whenyougetfeedbackthatrevealsyourignorancetoyou，you’recalibrating。Calibrationissimplytheactofusinganobjectiveinstrumenttoclearawayillusionsandadjustyourjudgmenttobetterreflectreality。Thisisnecessarysinceweallsufferfromcognitiveillusions：Wethinkweunderstandsomethingwhenwereallydon’t。Sotakingaquizorgatheringfeedbackfromacolleaguehelpsyoutoidentifythoseblindspots。
　　Foradeeperdigintothescienceoflearning，makesuretopickupMakeItStick。It’sanilluminatingread。